According to a single testimony, on February 23, 1942 several thousand inmates of the Minsk Ghetto were taken to the old Jewish cemetery, which was located in the western part of the ghetto, at the intersection of the present-day Sukhaya and Kollektornaya Streets, and were shot there.
According to multiple testimonies, the Jewish cemetery was used as a killing site of ghetto inmates throughout the ghetto's existence. Large and small groups of Jews would be taken to several pits that had been dug there and shot. One such massacre took place in the summer of 1943, when SS-Hauptscharfuehrer Adolf Ruebe, the official at the Security Police office who was responsible for the Minsk Ghetto, personally shot a group of 10-15 young Czech Jewish women, who had been accused of failing to wear yellow badges at their workplace.
Related Resources
Written Testimonies
ChGK Soviet Reports
From "The History of the Minsk Ghetto"
…On February 19 Ribbe [SS-Hauptscharfuehrer Ruebe, a security police official in Minsk] made the rounds of the factories where the German Jews were working and noticed several beautiful young women and girls.
He selected the most beautiful women – twelve German Jewish women and one Russian, Lina Noy. Ribbe ordered them to report to the labor exchange at 6:00 PM.
Ribbe arrived at the labor exchange together with Michelson [a translator at the Minsk Security Police office]. Ignorant of their fate, the victims were already there. The street was noisy. The columns of workers were returning home, and many stopped and waited. Everyone wanted to know why Ribbe had selected the most beautiful girls and women. Ribbe gave the order to take the women by the arm and lead them at a slow pace down Sukhaya Street. A groan went through the ghetto: Sukhaya Street led to the cemetery.
It was a terrible procession: thirteen young, beautiful women walked slowly toward the cemetery gates. One German Jewish woman asked to be allowed to say goodbye to her husband. Ribbe granted permission for this, and the husband was brought to the cemetery and shot before his wife's eyes. Those animals stripped the women naked and mocked them. Then Ribbe and Michelson personally shot them….
Ehrenburg, Ilya and Grossman, Wassili. The black book : the ruthless murder of Jews by German-Fascist invaders throughout the temporarily-occupied regions of the Soviet Union and in the death camps of Poland during the war of 1941-1945 . New York : Holocaust Library, 1981, p. 173.
From "The Minsk Hell. The Recollections of the Teacher Sofia Ozerskaya"
…The fascists committed the same kind of atrocity on Red Army Day, February 23, 1942. On that day, the same methods of bestial abuse of a defenseless population as those of November 7 were repeated. The only difference was that, due to a shortage of trucks, the unfortunate people were formed into columns and driven on foot to the murder site [the Jewish cemetery]….
Rubenstein, Joshua and Altman, Ilya. The unknown black book : the Holocaust in the German-occupied Soviet territories . Bloomington, Ind. : Indiana University Press, 2010, p. 252.
From the Memoirs of Karl Loewenstein, former head of the "Hamburg" ghetto police, "From the Hell of Minsk to the 'Paradise' of Teresienstadt" (in German):
…There was a so-called ordnance camp near Minsk, where captured Russian guns, machine guns, ammunition, etc., were stored. Here, about 200 men and women were working, maintaining the weapons. The manager of this camp supplied the women with aprons to protect their clothes. Ten girls, the most beautiful ones from Bruenn [i.e. Jewish deportees from Bruenn, present-day Brno in the Czech Republic] put on these aprons without the prescribed Jewish stars. Only Miss Munk from Bruenn was careful enough to attach the Jewish star. Suddenly, SS-Hauptscharfuehrer Ruebe arrived at this camp, saw one girl without a star, ordered all of them to come to the office, and told them: "Well, this evening you have to report to the camp management office. You will spend a night in the bunker, because you did not wear the Jewish stars!" "A night in the bunker" meant imprisonment. In the evening, the girls, laughing and joking, came to the camp management office to spend the night under arrest. Ignorant of the situation, they "made themselves up" – i.e. put on lipstick – although such things were forbidden. Ruebe took the girls to the cemetery and shot them….
NIOD, AMSTERDAM FILE 15A copy YVA M.68 / JM/14174
Minsk Jewish Cemetery
Jewish cemetery
Murder Site
Belorussia (USSR)
53.902;27.559
Photos
A sketch of the murder site in the area of the old Jewish cemetery in Minsk