Yad Vashem logo

Murder Story of Kolomyja Jews at the Kolomyja Jewish Hospital

Murder Site
Jewish Hospital
Poland
In the summer of 1942, or during the murder operation of October 11, 1942 (according to various testimonies), Friedrich Knackendoeffel, a senior officer of the Criminal Police in Kolomyja, singlehandedly shot twenty Jewish orphans who were staying at the ghetto hospital on Copernicus Street, which operated under the auspices of the Jewish Council. The shooting took place in the hospital garden.

During the murder operation in Kolomyja on November 4, 1942, officers of the Kolomyja Security and Urban Police liquidated the ghetto hospital, shooting the bedridden patients in their beds and killing the patients who were able to walk in the hospital garden.

untoldStories.relatedResources
From the testimonies gathered by the political department of the Jewish Agency for Palestine:
…On November 15, 1942, he [Knackendoeffel], together with Gay, entered the hospital on Kopernica Street and killed all the patients. He then ordered [the Jews] to bring all the children from the nearby Children’s Home, and he killed them in the hospital courtyard.
YVA M.9 / 656
Jonas Axelrod, who lived in Kolomyja during the war years, testifies:
I recall how, once, he [Knackendoeffel] entered the hospital across from the Judenrat [offices] on Copernicus Street. He ordered all the patients to get out and lie down in a line in the courtyard. He went over them one by one, shooting them dead with his pistol. There were several dozen people there. Upon his orders, the children who were at the hospital were tossed in the air, and he shot them. I saw it with my own eyes….
YVA TR.5 / 7
Maks Wollenstein-Zielinski, who was born in 1911 and lived in Kolomyja during the war years, testifies:
…During my stay in the ghetto, there was only one case of a German coming to our hospital. This was when Knackendo[e]ffel showed up, accompanied by his Alsatian dog. It was after the liquidation of the orphanage, which was located in another part of the ghetto. At the time, [our] hospital housed some twenty children aged 2 to 15. I do not know how the Germans learned of this. The fact was, however, that, in the afternoon, Knackendo[e]ffel came over and demanded that they be handed over. He ordered to take the children out into the hospital garden, and there he shot them singlehandedly in the back of the head…. I will always remember the sight of the children in the nightgowns lying in a line in the grass like butchered hares.
YVA O.3 / 1810
Moshe Hilsenrat, who lived in Kolomyja during the war years, testifies:
…There was a hospital in the ghetto, which had a maternity ward. I saw the defendant [Knackendoeffel] take all the patients down to the courtyard. There were thirty-five people there. He laid them down on the ground and shot them. I also saw him throw newborn babies into the hospital courtyard. There was a girl named Bortek. She had red hair. He ordered her to lie down on the ground, but she refused. He then unleashed his dog upon her, and, when she fell down, he shot her….
YVA TR.5 / 7
Paula Axelrod, who lived in Kolomyja during the war years, testifies:
…I lived near the ghetto hospital. One day, I heard gunfire. I went outside and saw the defendant Knackendoeffel take the patients out and lay them down in a line. Afterward, the children, too, were taken out. He seized the little children, threw them in the air, and shot them. Afterward, he shot all the patients who were lying on the ground. [Then,] he lit a cigarette, smiled, and left. I saw it with my own eyes….
YVA TR.5 / 7
Shmuel Horowitz, who had been born in 1900 and lived in Kolomyja during the war years, testified at Adolf Eichmann's trial:
…In late 1941 or early 1942, the commandant Leidritz [Leideritz] ordered the Jews to set up a hospital, if they wished to. We had Jewish doctors, so that we established a hospital near the Jewish Council building. Some thirty patients were admitted into it, but most [of the Jews] feared to go to the hospital, lest they die [there]. Several weeks after the establishment of the hospital, a Gestapo man named Knakendorf [Knackendoeffel] entered the ghetto hospital with a dog and shouted that all the patients, who lay there in their nightgowns, had to get up and run to the yard. At that moment, I was at the Jewish Council offices to fetch linen for the Germans, and I saw all the scenes. He [Knackendoeffel] grabbed two children who were in the hospital and threw them out through the window. Two people were unable to walk, so he shot them as they lay in their beds. He got down to the yard, where he ordered everyone to lie on the ground and shot them. After finishing with this, he left….
YVA TR.3 / 1365
Jewish Hospital
hospital
Murder Site
Poland
48.529;25.040