Voronezh

Jews attempted to settle in Voronezh in the early 19th century, but they were banned from the area in the 1820s because they were identified with the outsider communities of Subbotniki ("Sabbath observers") who lived in the area. Later, during the first half of the 19th century Jews were more successful in settling in Voronezh. Starting in the 1870s, with the construction of a railway line from Moscow to Rostov-on-Don, the local Jewish population began to grow. In 1897 Voronezh's 1,708 Jews comprised approximately 16 percent of the total population. A number of Jews were killed during a two-day pogrom in the fall of 1905. In terms of Jewish culture in 1910 the city had a Jewish library and a branch of The Society for the Promotion of Enlightenment.

In 1939 the city's 8,358 Jews comprised 2.5 percent of the total population.

On July 7, 1942, the part of Voronezh on the right bank of the Voronezh River was occupied by Germans and Hungarians, who had brought with them to the Eastern Front "labor service" Jews, many of whom were either killed or captured, along with Hungarian soldiers, by the Red Army. The Jewish residents of occupied areas were transported to Khokhol village. In the process some Jews were shot on the streets of Voronezh, while most of these Jews were shot in the vicinity of Khokhol village in September 1942.

The occupied part of Voronezh was liberated by the Red Army on January 25, 1943.