According to some testimonies at the end of August or the beginnig of September 1941 about 30 – 40 of the strongest men were taken - on the pretext of being sent to work - and shot somewhere outside of Chudnov. A week or two later the Jews were summoned by special messengers to assemble at the local club or cinema building. From there they were taken by truck to the Chudnov public park (some sources say they went on foot), where several large pits had been dug. Before being shot, the victims were forced to undress, beaten, and had their valuables taken away. The first murder operation was carried out on September 9, 1941, when about 800 Jews (according to some sources mostly young ones) were murdered. Jews from nearby villages were taken to Chudnov to be murdered along with the local ones. The second shooting operation took place on October 16, 1941 when, according to some sources,about 700 Jews were killed on that day. The third shooting took place either on October 22 or in mid-November 1941. Some documents state that some Jewish artisans were left alive to work for the Germans. According to some testimonies several boards were placed above pits from one edge to the other. The victims had to step onto the boards and step along them above the pit. Then they were shot and, either wounded or dead, fell into the pits. The estimated number of victims was between 3,000 and 4,000. The murder operations were perpetrated by Germans and local policemen.
Related Resources
Written Testimonies
ChGK Soviet Reports
From the article recodred by P.Zozulya "At the family grave: The Fate of the Jews of the shtetl of Chudnov, Zhitomir Region":
The first mass shooting committed by the German monsters took place on September 9, 1941. Some nine hundred people were summoned by the so called "special messengers"... and herded together by the Gestapo onto the premises of the cinema as if they were being sent off to work. From there they were shipped off to the park in trucks filled to overflowing. ….The vehicle made no fewer than forty turns between the cinema and the park. People formed lines in front of the ditches that had been dug ahead of time. There was a narrow board over each ditch, and moving towards this board was a long line of no fewer than five hundred petrified people who were barely able to stay on their feet. By the butchers' orders, people were stepping one by one onto the board. An exploding round was immediately shot into the back of the head of each one of them. Skulls flew off along with their hair and lodged on the branches of pine trees, while brains sprayed around and bodies quickly fell into the pit. …The first group was wiped out in this way, although to make the humiliation all more painful, an entire family was not exterminated all at once. Rather, the husband or the wife or a member of the family would be killed. …..
The second mass shooting took place around October 15 or 16, 1941. …. At the same time, the wife of Yankel Freydl was killed along with her three innocent children. I was told that Freydl, her head wrapped in a white kerchief, carried one infant and led her five-year-old daughter by the hand, while eight–year-old Fima clutched at her skirts. The executioner pushed her in the shoulder to make her go faster, and she said: "Well I'm going." And she and her children walked their last journey…. One of the butchers took the three-week-old child, tossed it up by the leg like a football, and shot it in midair. This sort of stunt and others were photographed by the German fiends. ….
The third mass killing…. came in the middle of November 1941. This time, the eighty-three-year old Dr. Libov, beloved by everyone, was killed along with his little daughter, as well as Dr Frenkel and his family… The population almost done with, the rest were picked up, even Khuma the hunchback, Yankel Elis with a baby and her crippled husband, who said: "If you kill my dear wife and child, kill me as well" And he threw himself after them into the pit, where they killed him. I counted twelve large pits in the park, but there were even more of them; …
Rubenstein, Joshua and Altman, Ilya. The unknown black book : the Holocaust in the German-occupied Soviet territories . Bloomington, Ind. : Indiana University Press, 2008, pp. 162-165.
Chudnov
park
Murder Site
Ukraine (USSR)
50.050;28.118
Videos
Polina Pekerman (neè Kovtun) was born in Chudnov in 1927 and lived there during the war years:
USC SHOAH FOUNDATION, 26260 copy YVA O.93 / 26260
Miriiam Sandal (neè Asnis) was born in 1927 in Chudnov and lived there during the war years