Murder Story of Ejszyszki Jews at the Ejszyszki Jewish Cemetery
Murder Story of Ejszyszki Jews at the Ejszyszki Jewish Cemetery
Murder Site
Ejszyszki
Poland
New Monument at the grave of Jewish men at the Ejszyszki Jewish Cemetery murder site. Screenshot from the film "There Once Was a Town," 1999, Yad Vashem, The Visual Center V 1725
On September 21, 1941 the Jews of Ejszyszki were incarcerated in a stable in the town, together with Jews from nearby Olkieniki, Deksznia, Lejpuny, Salo, etc. When the stable was full, some Jews were imprisoned in the town’s three synagogues.
For 60 hours the Jews were held in the stable and the synagogues, deprived of water and food and prevented from going outside to relieve themselves. Afterwards, all the Jews were taken to the horse market, where they were surrounded by Lithuanian policemen and SS men, and were forced to hand over all their valuables.
On September 24 the Nazis said that they needed strong young men to dig holes for a fence to surround the area where the Jews would be housed. A group of young men volunteered. The Germans took them to the local Jewish cemetery and ordered them to dig pits. Then the Jews were shot at the edge of the pits (according to another source, the pits were dug by Poles). When, on September 27 (according other sources, on September 26), 1941, the other Jews heard what had happened, they refused to move. The Germans threatened that if the Jews did not obey, they would be shot on the spot. To help carry out the execution reinforcements of Lithuanian police and German gendarmes were brought in. Then all the Jewish men were taken to the Jewish cemetery and shot at the pits.
The women, small children, the elderly, and the sick who were physically unable to walk to the murder site remained at the horse market. At night they were all taken to the pits, where they were also shot.
According to the Jaeger report, 3,446 Jews (989 men, 1,636 women, and 821 children) were executed by Einsatzkommando 3a in Ejszyszki on September 27, 1941.
Related Resources
Written Testimonies
Written Accounts
German Reports / Romanian Reports
Sholem Sonenzon (Ben-Shemesh), who was born in 1903 in Ejszyszki and lived there during the war years, testified:
... On the evening of Rosh Hashanah 1941 (the eve of the Jewish New Year) all the Jews were collected in three large synagogues. Jews from the towns of Olkieniki, Lejpuny and Salo - a total of 2,000 people - were brought to our town on that evening as well. Some 150 who were mentally ill remained in the town of Salo. While they [the Jews] were incarcerated for three days and nights, peasants from the surrounding villages came to town and looted the Jews’ possessions, taking them away on their carts. For three days we did not get anything to eat or to drink.
On September 24, 1941 all the men, women, and children were taken to the horse market, forced to walk in a column with four people in each row. We understood that this meant our death. We were guarded by drunk and murderous Lithuanians, who beat us with the butts of their guns; the crying babies they either flung into in the air or dashed to the ground….
Then they selected strong men, supposedly to take them for work. That is how they took the first group of 300 men. These men were taken to the 350-year old Jewish cemetery, where pits had been already been dug by Polish residents of the town who, before they dug the pits, had been promised that they would get the dead people’s belongings.
We received a note from a Jew named Milikowski, who was in the first group. He was forced to write that they were working on the Polish landowner’s estate, that they were well, and had enough food. But we didn't believe this since we had heard the shootings….
All the men were taken and shot by the end of the evening. Only very few managed to be saved by a woman who hid them beneath some packages….
We escaped to the town of Raduń. I ran away together with my wife and two children. According to the news I heard when I arrived in Raduń, all the women and children were shot on the next day, September 26, 1941….
YVA O.3 / 2295
Ejszyszki
Jewish cemetery
Murder Site
Poland
54.168;24.994
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Zvi Michaeli was born in Ejszyszki and lived there during the war years