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(1885--1954), Portuguese diplomat in France who rescued thousands of Jews during World War II. In May 1940 Germany invaded France. Tens of thousands of refugees escaped to the south of France; their hope was to cross into Portugal via Spain, and from there leave Europe by ship. However, to enter Portugal, the refugees needed Portuguese visas. On May 10 the Portuguese government ordered its diplomats in France to stop issuing visas to refugees trying to escape the Nazis, especially Jews. At that point, Sousa Mendes was serving as Portugal's consul general in the southern French...

Letzter freier Hafen Lissabon

book

Drei Vorträge über Aristides de Sousa Mendes, die Familie Hartog und die Fluchtwege Ulmer Jüdinnen und Juden über Portugal, gehalten zum Tag des Gedenkens an die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus am 27. Januar 2023.Der portugiesische Diplomat Aristides de Sousa Mendes (1885-1954) hat sich den Befehlen des Diktators Salazar widersetzt und Tausenden, die vor den Nationalsozialisten flüchteten, Visa ausgestellt. So hat er unzählige Leben gerettet. Auch - soweit bis heute bekannt - zwölf Menschen aus Ulm und Neu-Ulm, von denen zwar keiner ein direkt von Sousa Mendes ausgestelltes Visum erhalten hat, haben es noch...

Author : Hartog, Jennifer

Production Year : 2023

Language : German

Local Number : 2024-1653

Polish passport issued by the Polish Consulate in Antwerp to Dora (Dobrisch) and Hillel Fraenkel, residents of Antwerp, 03 January 1935

Polish passport issued by the Polish Consulate in Antwerp to Dora (Dobrisch) and Hillel Fraenkel, residents of Antwerp, 03 January 1935 Hillel Fraenkel, born in Brody, Poland, 13 June 1885, and Dora (Dobrisch) Fraenkel, born in Brody, Poland, 12 June 1887; escape from Antwerp to Toulouse after the occupation of Belgium; receipt in Toulouse of a visa to Portugal which was stamped into their passport by Aristides de Sousa Mendes, the Portuguese Consul, 25 December 1940 (p. 25). Notes from Meir Biederman who submitted the material: Hillel and Dvora Dora Fraenkel moved from Poland to Belgium after World...

File Number : 161

Type of Material : Passport

Language : Polish, French, Portuguese, German

In the garden of the Righteous

book

"Less than a century ago, the Second World War took the lives of more than fifty million people; more than six million of them were systematically exterminated through crimes of such enormity that a new name to describe the horror was coined: the Holocaust. Yet amid such darkness, there were glimmers of light—courageous individuals who risked everything to save those hunted by the Nazis. Today, as bigotry and intolerance and the threats of fascism and authoritarianism are ascendent once again, these heroes’ little-known stories—among the most remarkable in human history—resonate powerfully. Yad Vashem, the...

Author : Hurowitz, Richard

Production Year : 2023

Language : English

Local Number : 2023-0519

Portugal, the Consuls, and the Jewish Refugees,

1938-1941 Avraham Milgram Introduction The history of Portugal and the Jews during the Holocaust has not yet been sufficiently clarified by either the Portuguese or the Holocaust historiography.Although the neutrality of the Iberian countries offered a potential haven for a considerable number of Jews persecuted by the Nazis, the excellent Portuguese historiography, published in the 1990s about the “New State” (Estado Novo), has overlooked this matter1 — with the exception of the newspaper reports that described the passage of Jews through Portugal.2 In the Jewish historiography, while...

Righteous among the Nations

Official title given to non-Jews who risked their lives in order to rescue Jews during the Holocaust. The name comes from a Talmudic phrase: "The righteous among the nations of the world have a place in the world to come." In 1953, Israel's parliament passed the “Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance (Yad Vashem) Law”, giving Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, the responsibility to establish awards and a memorial for those "Righteous Among the Nations who risked their lives to save Jews." Since the early 1960s, a Commission for the Designation of the Righteous has worked under the Yad Vashem Remembrance Authority....

Photos used in the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust.

Collection

Archival Signature : 4613

Transport Ca from Praha, Praha Hlavni Mesto, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia to Theresienstadt, Ghetto, Czechoslovakia on 24/10/1942

Transport

Departure Date 24/10/1942 Arrival Date 24/10/1942

Transport Ca left Prague (Praha) to Theresienstadt on October 24, 1942. It consisted of approx.1.000 Jews.

Transport 69 from Drancy, Camp, France to Auschwitz Birkenau, Extermination Camp, Poland on 07/03/1944

Transport

Departure Date 07/03/1944 Arrival Date 10/03/1944

The transport departed from the Paris-Bobigny station on March 7, 1944, with a total of 1,501 deportees, according to the list prepared in the Drancy internment camp. A copy of this list was sent to the Union of French Jews (Union générale des israélites de France - UGIF), recovered by the Contemporary Jewish Documentation Centre (Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine – CDJC) after the war, and edited by Serge Klarsfeld in his 1978 work titled "Mémorial de la déportation des Juifs de France". Similar to the Transport 68, this was an exceptionally long train that had many more deportees than the average....

Transport Ev from Theresienstadt, Ghetto, Czechoslovakia to Auschwitz Birkenau, Extermination Camp, Poland on 28/10/1944

Transport

Departure Date 28/10/1944 Arrival Date 30/10/1944

In previous transports, the transport orders were handed to the camp commander Karl Rahm by the Office for Settlement of the Jewish Question in Prague, who then ordered the Jewish administration of the ghetto to compile a transport list based on several criteria. However, at the time of this late transport, most of the Jewish administration had either already been sent away or were currently being transferred. According to historian H.G. Adler, the lists for the last two transports from Theresienstadt were compiled personally by camp commander Karl Rahm, by Ernst Möhs of department IV B 4 of the RSHA who arrived...