Gruenberg, Germany

GRÜNBERG (Polish Zielona Gora) Upper Silesia, Germany, today in Poland. The permanent Jewish settlement dates from1812. The Jewish population rose from 191 in 1835 to 271(2.5% of the total) in 1864. The community maintained a cemetery from 1814 and a synagogue was built in 1882-83. Many Jews left for the big cities starting in the late 19th century, reducing the Jewish population to 126 in 1910 and 69 in 1925. In 1933, 48 remained; in 1938, 44. On Kristallnacht (9-10 November 1938), the synagogue and a number of Jewish stores were burned. The Jewish population soon dropped to 15 and by November 1942 only five intermarried Jews remained. No additional information on the fate of the community during the Holocaust is available. Presumably those Jews unable to emigrate were sent to their deaths.