Nadzieja Umiera Ostatnia (Hope Dies Last), is Halina Birnbaum’s wartime memoir chronicling five years spent first in the Warsaw Ghetto, and then at various concentration camps, including Maidanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau. Birnbaum, a noted writer, later settled in Israel. In the eponymous film, Birnbaum returns to Poland forty years after having left.