Testimony of Moshe Shper, born in Volove, Carpathian Ruthenia, Czechoslovakia, in 1921 regarding his recruitment to labour battalions and his deportation to Mauthausen

wealthy family; he attends the Hebrew Gymnasium in Mukacevo; transition to Hungarian rule in 1939; rise of anti-semitism ; deportation of the stateless to Poland, recruitment for labor battalions in 1942; work in a car workshop in Budapest; German occupation in 1944; escape attempts; march to Austria; digging bunkers in Szombathely; cruelty of the SS; Gunskirchen and Mathausen camps; liberation; return to Carpathian Ruthenia; return of his mother and sisters from Auschwitz; aliya to Israel in 1949.