Testimony of Rudy Uri Ravid Schmuckler, born in Danzig, 1926, in the Free City, regarding his escape to the USSR and exile to Siberia

Testimony of Rudy Uri Ravid Schmuckler, born in Danzig, 1926, in the Free City, regarding his escape to the USSR and exile to Siberia. Family background, Zionist family; his father's work as a Hebrew teacher; studies in a German general school. Great anti-Semitism; transfer to a Jewish school; aliya of his brother to Eretz Israel and his absorption in Kfar Giladi, 1937; knowledge of living conditions in Eretz Israel from letters from his brother; crushing Jewish shop windows; throwing stones at Jews; Crystal Night events; spraying house windows; the next day the Christian neighbors attempt to set things right with his family and attempt to apologize on behalf of the rioters; escape to the town of Ciechanow, late 1938; residence in the grandparents' house; aliya of his sister to Eretz Israel, early 1939; submission of his father's application for a certificate of aliya to Eretz Israel; the outbreak of war; the German invasion of the town; escape to Lwow, October 1939; refusal to obtain Russian citizenship from the Soviet authorities; deportation to Siberia; life in a forest camp; his father's work in felling trees; harsh conditions; his father submitting a request after a few months to the municipality to return to Poland; obtaining permission to return to Poland; operation Barbarossa, June 1941; permission to leave the camp; understanding that it is impossible to return to Poland; move to a town in Kyrgyzstan and staying there until the end of the war. Repatriation to Poland; switching between several places; arrival in Krakow; illegal aliya to Eretz Israel; seizure by the British and exile to Cyprus; aliya to Eretz Israel, December 1947; absorption and acclimatization.