Testimony of Rosa Varda Vachtel Graiover, born in 1924 in Schodnica, Poland, about the murder of the Jews of Borysław and the area of the Borysław ghetto

Childhood in Schodnica; antisemitism; German occupation ensues in September 1939; Russians enter approx. two weeks later; refugees arrive; Germans reoccupy the area in July 1941; pogrom by Ukrainians on July 22, 1941; common grave in Schodnica forest; dispossession; dismissal from jobs; evening curfew; shortage of food; abuse by Ukrainians; pogrom against the Jews of nearby Urycz; witness's mother murdered in grandfather's home in Urycz; common grave of the Jews of Urycz in grandfather's courtyard; witness moves to an aunt in Borysław; white armband; assistance from Poles; hiding with non-Jewish acquaintances during an Aktion in November 1941; hiding in various places during other Aktionen; escaping to the forests and back to the ghetto; Judenrat; Jewish police; liquidation of the ghetto; late 1943: sent to labor in Schodnica, a village with no Jewish population; working as an assistant at German police headquarters; aunt and brother escape from Borysław and go into hiding in the witness's house; assistance from acquaintances in Schodnica; hiding as the Germans retreat; liberation by Red Army forces in summer 1944; antisemitism after the war; immigration to Eretz Israel in 1946; rehabilitation and adjustment to life in Eretz Israel.