Testimony of Riva (Shmukler) Reichel, born in Vilna, Poland, 1927, regarding her experiences in Vilna, the Vilna Ghetto, Stutthof, Hamburg and Bergen-Belsen

Testimony of Riva (Shmukler) Reichel, born in Vilna, Poland, 1927, regarding her experiences in Vilna, the Vilna Ghetto, Stutthof, Hamburg and Bergen-Belsen Her childhood in Vilna in a traditional family, including attending a Yiddish school. Life under Soviet rule including displays of antisemitism and acts of self-defense by the Jewish youth, 1939-1941; German Army occupation of Vilna, 1941; receives information about what happened in Ponary; unsuccessful escape attempt; Vilna Ghetto life including overcrowding and forced labor; liquidation of the ghetto; deportation of the Jews to Estonia, September 1943; murder of her father; transfer to Stutthof; transfer to Hamburg; life in Hamburg including labor in a weapons factory; transfer to Bergen-Belsen, April 1945; liberation. Return to Vilna; life after the war; aliya to Israel, 1959; life in Israel.