Testimony of Miriam Umka (Margolis) Kramin, born in Dubno, Poland, 1922, regarding her experiences in Dubno, in Ukraine while using a false identity, in Odessa and Bucharest

Testimony of Miriam Umka (Margolis) Kramin, born in Dubno, Poland, 1922, regarding her experiences in Dubno, in Ukraine while using a false identity, in Odessa and Bucharest Her childhood in an educated family; her father serves as the principal of the Jewish high school in Dubno. Deportation of Jews to Siberia during the Soviet rule; German Army occupation of Dubno, 1941; life under German occupation including restrictions; deportation to the Dubno Ghetto; digging of pits by Jews; burning of her father's books; her father's suicide attempt using poison; encouragement by her parents to escape from the ghetto; preparation of a forged identity card by her father; witness jumps over the wall; travel on trains to Ukraine; pretends to be dumb; life in Odessa including work in odd jobs; escape to Romania on a German ship; work for Jews while she pretends to be a Christian woman; assembly by Zionist emissaries in Bucharest; aliya to Eretz Israel by train via Turkey, 1944.