Avraham Pakula

Testimony of Avraham Pakula, born in Lodz, Poland, 1928, regarding his experiences in the Lodz Ghetto, Auschwitz, on a death march and Ebensee Life before the war; education. German occupation; escape of Jewish men including his father to Warsaw; restrictions on the Jews including draft to forced labor; yellow badge and confiscation of property; deportation to the Lodz Ghetto; ghetto life including Jewish police activities; deportation of Jews to Chelmno; criminal trials; liquidation of the ghetto and deportation to Auschwitz; camp life including separation from his mother; suicide of a woman on the electric fence; transfer with his father to a forced labor camp in Silesia; camp life; transfer on foot and by train to Ebensee; death march including sleeping in stables and shooting of prisoners; floggings; life in Ebensee camp including sleeping in the snow; transfer of his father to the infirmary; meeting with his father; death of his father after being flogged; labor removing corpses; liberation by the US Army. Move to Italy; life in Italy including meeting Jewish Brigade soldiers; aliya to Eretz Israel, 1947; participates in the War of Independence; marriage, 1950; starts a family.