Raphael Rolf Elsberg

Testimony of Raphael Elsberg Rolf, born in München, Germany, 1919, regarding his experiences in Paris, Toulouse, Lerida, Miranda del Ebro, Cádiz and Haifa Activities in the underground of the HaChaluts organization that had contacts with the French underground and other bodies in Paris, 1943; wistleblowing; arrest of two leaders of the HaChaluts organization following the whistleblowing; obtaining transit documents, food stamps and cigarette ration vouchers; transfer to Toulouse by train; work at the airport; obtaining additional certificates of military service workers for additional Jews; crossing the Pyrenees in a group of refugees with the assistance of the Resistance, end of 1943; smuggling the border to Spain with the help of a smuggler; capture and arrest by the Spanish police in Lerida; release from prison; deportation to Miranda del Ebro; contacting a representative of the Jewish Agency. Obtaining certificates in Madrid; sailing on a Portuguese ship from Cádiz; aliya to Haifa, October 1944; absorption in the kibbutz; growing flowers in the Hefer Valley and writing books on the subject.