Testimony of Esther (Memelsdorf) Pulvermacher, born in Naklo, Poland, 1898, regarding her experiences helping Jewish refugees in Shanghai and the Hongkew Ghetto

Testimony of Esther (Memelsdorf) Pulvermacher, born in Naklo, Poland, 1898, regarding her experiences helping Jewish refugees in Shanghai and the Hongkew Ghetto Life before the war; marriage to a German factory agent; move to Shanghai with her husband's work, 1933. Outbreak of the war, 1939; help to Jewish refugees under the auspices of the JDC; establishment of institutions including soup kitchens, schools, institutions for youth and a hospital; receives help from a Chinese women's organization; transfer to Hongkew; ghetto life including relief activities; liberation, 1945. Death of her husband; aliya to Israel via Italy, 1950.