Testimony of Emanuel Kruvi, born in Bobrka, Poland, 1926, regarding his experiences in the Bobrka Ghetto, in the forests with the partisans and in the Red Army

Testimony of Emanuel Kruvi, born in Bobrka, Poland, 1926, regarding his experiences in the Bobrka Ghetto, in the forests with the partisans and in the Red Army Family; life in an Orthodox, hasidic community; disagreement between groups of hasidim; membership in Beitar. Life during the Soviet occupation, 1939-1941; chaos until the German occupation, September 1941; Ukrainian collaborators loot and murder; burning of the synagogue, November 1941; Judenrat activities in Bobrka; kidnapping of youths for labor, spring 1942; witness is drafted to labor on a farm near his house; first "Aktion" and deportation of his parents, 18 August 1942; sealing off of the Bobrka Ghetto; hunger; typhus; leaves the ghetto by buying forged documents; hidden by non-Jews; last "Aktion" and liquidation of the ghetto, March 1943; in hiding in the forests and villages as a partisan; partisan activities in the forests; battles near the forest, August 1944; wanderings with the Red Army with the status of a suspicious refugee; evades draft into the Red Army and the Polish Army, 1945. Wanderings in the snow along the Czechoslovakian border, (Carpathian Ruthenia), Kosice, Bucharest, Budapest and Rowa; sets sail on the ship, "Josiah Wedgwood" from La Spezia; clash with the British; establishes himself and marriage.