Testimony of Emanuel Vaks, born in Kosice, Slovakia, 1909, regarding his experiences in the labor battalions in Putnok, Ukraine, Novgorod-Severskiy, Linz and other places

Testimony of Emanuel Vaks, born in Kosice, Slovakia, 1909, regarding his experiences in the labor battalions in Putnok, Ukraine, Novgorod-Severskiy, Linz and other places Life before the war; Jewish and Zionist activities; move to Rimavska-Sobota, 1931. Re-annexation to Hungary, 1938; denied a livelihood and receives a deportation notice because of the family's Polish origin; efforts to evade deportation, 1940; drafted to labor battalions in Putnok, May 1942; transfer to the Ukraine; life in the Ukraine including forced labor for the TODT organization; transfer of the labor battalion to Novgorod-Severskiy; return to Hungary, September 1943; labor in Hungary; transfer to labor in Austria; rescue of sick Jews; transfer to Mauthausen from Linz, March 1945; death march to Gunskirchen; liberation by the US Army. Return to Rimavska-Sobota via Bratislava; aliya to Israel, 1949.