Interview with Anna Fischer, regarding her family's experiences in Łódź, in ghettos in Poland, and during labor in Germany while using a false identity, and an interview with Benno Fischer

Interview with Anna Fischer, regarding her family's experiences in Łódź, in ghettos in Poland, and during labor in Germany while using a false identity, and an interview with Benno Fischer - Interview (audio testimony) with Anna (Lipszyc) Fisher, born in Łódź in 1921, regarding her family's experiences during the Holocaust period; the testimony was collected in the United States by Marcia Friedman on 12/07/1983; Anna was 62 years old at the time of the interview; Religious, orthodox family that resided in Łódź and owned a notions shop; German occupation of Poland, 1939; confiscation of the family's shop; deportation to the Łódź Ghetto in 1940; move of members of the Fischer family to Skierniewice in 1940 (where aunt Etka resided; she later died of typhus disease in the ghetto); deportation of the family to the Skierniewice Ghetto; smuggle of food into the Skierniewice Ghetto by Anna and by her younger sister and a cousin; Anna meets her future husband Benno in the Skierniewice Ghetto; transfer of members of the Fischer family to the Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto in 1942; Anna stays in a hospital due to typhus disease; Anna's brothers Szymon and Mosze perished; where, and when, is unknown; murder of Anna's father Alter, and murder of Anna's brothers Rafael and Leibl in the Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto on 24/08/1942; "Aktions" in the Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto in 1942, and the deportation of Jews; family members are in hiding in various places; Anna and her sister Sarah travel to Warsaw in 12/1942 in order to sell the family's jewelry; Sarah returns to the Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto in order to hand over to her mother the money they received for the jewelry; murder of Sarah in the Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto by the Germans (Sarah had intended to return to Warsaw and to volunteer with Anna for labor in Germany as non-Jewish Polish women); Anna travels from Warsaw to Kraków and then to Sambor (she helps a Jewish woman and the woman's young son); Anna returns to the Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto; deportation of Anna and her mother to Majdanek camp in 05/1943; Anna escapes from the deportation train (her mother perished in Majdanek camp); Anna returns to the Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto; Anna visits the labor bureau and submits her false name to a clerk; she receives documents for labor in Germany, as a non-Jewish Polish woman (receipt of help from the clerk, who understood that she apparently was Jewish); Anna travels to a camp in Lublin (where she underwent medical examinations, among other matters, before her travel to labor in Germany); Anna travels to Stuttgart; she visits the labor bureau and receives work in a Protestant hospital in Stuttgart in 06/1942; air-raids on Stuttgart in late 1943, and Anna is moved to perform labor in a sanatorium in Weinsberg in early 1944; liberation on 13/04/1945; she is moved by US Army soldiers to a DP camp in the Weinsberg area; move to a DP camp in Stuttgart in 07/1945; work for the US military government; receipt of a letter from a cousin of Teofila (Bauman) Lipszyc (Anna's mother) who resides in the United States; Regarding Benno Fischer, who was born in Skierniewice (Anna's husband): Benno studies in Warsaw; Benno returns to Skierniewice in 1939; he meets Anna in Skierniewice in 1940; deportation of his family to the Warsaw Ghetto and later to the Sandomiertz Ghetto; deportation of Benno to Biesiadka labor camp in 1941; transfer to Flossenbürg camp, and then on a death march from Flossenbürg camp; liberation; Benno stays in Regensburg and later on in a DP camp in Stuttgart (where he is reunited with Anna); marriage of Benno and Anna in 04/1946; emigration to the United States in 05/1946; Regarding Anna's family members: her parents, brothers and sisters (her younger sister Hilda perished during the Holocaust); letters that Anna received from Benno during his stay in the camps; smugglings, from the ghetto; Anna's thoughts on the subject of the Holocaust and her thoughts about her experiences during the Holocaust; - Interview (audio testimony) with Benno Fischer, born in Skierniewice in 1914, regarding his experiences during the Holocaust (he is Anna Fischer's husband); the testimony was collected in the United States by Marcia Friedman on 12/07/1983; survival in camps and while on death marches; Benno's family members (his father, who was a physician, died in 1929 or 1930); Benno studies in Warsaw and returns to Skierniewice in 1939 following the outbreak of the war; deportation of Benno to a camp after he was arrested by the Germans during his travel from Skierniewice to Warsaw, in order to join the defense of Warsaw; release from the camp; deportation to the Skierniewice Ghetto; transfer of his family members to the Warsaw Ghetto; they are smuggled out of the Warsaw Ghetto by means of a bribe given to a Polish man, and they move to Sandomiertz; move to a small village in the Sandomiertz area, and then to a small city in the area; deportation of Benno from there to Mielec camp in 1942, and then to Flossenbürg camp (Benno's family members perished); life in the camps, including forced labor; he stays in various places after the war, and then moves to Stuttgart; reunion with Anna; marriage of Benno and Anna, and emigration to the United States.