The Mokre gmina (municipality) was home to between 111 to 180 Jewish residents in 1939.[1] During World War II, it was part of Zamość County, located within the Lublin District of the occupied part of Poland not formally annexed to the Reich, called the General Government (Generalgouvernement). According to a list created by the Judenrat (Jewish Council) in Zamość around 1940, 180 Jews lived in the municipality, including eighteen children.[2] A 1940 list of Jewish residents living in the Zamość County villages, found among the documents of the Lublin District Governor, shows that Jews lived in the following villages in the Mokre gmina: twenty-two in Lipsko; one in Płoskie;[3] thirty-five in Zarzecze; four in Wólka Wieprzecka; eleven in Zawada; and forty-nine in Zdanów (Żdanów).[4]
The names of the Jewish property owners from the villages in the municipality can be seen in the correspondence between the Judenrat of the Mokre municipality and the Zamość Judenrat from June, 1940.[5] Among them were: the Lewensohn family from Zarzecze; the Lajst family from Zarzecze; the Szwarcberg family from Zdanów; and the Kessel family from Zdanów. The lists of the properties owned by Jews were usually created at the order of the German authorities, as a prelude to confiscation.
According to a letter of from the Presidium of the Mokre Municipal National Council (Prezydium Gminnej Rady Narodowej) to the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw from 1952, ten Jews arrived in the municipality during the time of deportations from other towns.[6] The same letter stated that there were mass murders in the villages of the area: "In 1942, 6 Jews were killed in the village of Zarzecze, and in the village of Mokre more than 40 Jews were killed, together with their families."[7] The letter states that the Jews remaining in the municipality "were taken during the 'Aktion' [deportation operation] to the ghetto in Zamość, and this took place in December 1942."[8]...